In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficient, the most merciful

Artificial Intelligence (CS607)

Subjective, Short Questions from Past Papers

 

Subjective Questions

Question

(Mid Term, Marks = 2, Lesson No. )

Differentiate between Mutation and Crossover.

Answer:

In Mutation, each "Individual" (or "solution") has one parent.
In Inheritance or Crossover, each "Individual" (or "solution") has two parents.

Question

(Mid Term, Marks = 2, Lesson No. )

Write CLIPS command for "remove only Facts".

Answer:

The retract command is used to remove or retract facts. For example:
(retract 1) removes fact 1
(retract 1 3) removes fact 1 and 3

Question

(Mid Term, Marks = 3, Lesson No. )

Bike is heavy! This statement is uncertain fact or not? Elaborate.

Answer:

No, this statement belongs to Fuzzy facts. Fuzzy facts are ambiguous in nature, e.g. the book is heavy/light. Here it is unclear what heavy means because it is a subjective description. Fuzzy representation is used for such facts. While defining fuzzy facts, we use certainty factor values to specify value of “truth”. We will look at fuzzy representation in more detail later.

Question

(Mid Term, Marks = 3, Lesson No. )

Elaborate the importance of Knowledge Base in ES.

Answer:

The knowledge base is the part of an expert system that contains the domain knowledge, i.e.

  • Problem facts, rules
  • Concepts
  • Relationships
As we have emphasized several times, the power of an ES lies to a large extent in its richness of knowledge. Therefore, one of the prime roles of the expert system designer is to act as a knowledge engineer. As a knowledge engineer, the designer must overcome the knowledge acquisition bottleneck and find an effective way to get information from the expert and encode it in the knowledge base, using one of the knowledge representation techniques we discussed in KRR.