In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficient, the most merciful

Artificial Intelligence (CS607)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Objective Questions

  1. The first step of FIND-S is to initialize h to the most specific hypothesis in ________: h = < Ø , Ø >

    1. J
    2. K
    3. I
    4. H
  2. In Candidate-Elimination algorithm version space is represented by two sets named:

    1. G and F
    2. S and F
    3. G and S
    4. H and S
  3. If there are multiple parts to the antecedent, apply fuzzy logic ________ and resolve the antecedent to a single number between 0 and 1.

    1. operations
    2. Rules
    3. Conditions
    4. Operators
  4. A concept is the representation of the ________ with respect to the given attributes.

    1. Problem
    2. Knowledge
    3. Solution
    4. None of the given
  5. ________ is the process by which the fuzzy sets that represent the outputs of each rule are combined into a single fuzzy set.

    1. Aggregation
    2. Implication
    3. Fuzzification
    4. None of the given
  6. Choose the field(s) in which Fuzzy inference systems have been successfully applied:

    1. Decision Analysis
    2. Automatic Control, Data Classification and Decision Analysis
    3. Data Classification
    4. Automatic Control
  7. Hypothesis space uses the ________ of the attributes.

    1. Conjunctions (AND)
    2. Negation (NOR)
    3. Disjunctions (OR)
    4. None of the given
  8. ________ problems usually have well-defined steps.

    1. Simple
    2. Defined
    3. Complex
    4. Refined
  9. Decision trees give us disjunctions of conjunctions, that is, they have the form:
    (A AND B) ________ (C AND D).

    1. OR
    2. AND
    3. XOR
    4. None of the given
  10. In backward chaining terminology, the hypothesis to prove is called the ________.

    1. Proof
    2. Goal
    3. Plan
    4. None of the given
  11. Conventional programming focuses on _______, while ES programming focuses on ________.

    1. Solution, Problem
    2. Problem, Solution
    3. Problem, Expert
    4. Solution, Expert
  12. An ___________ is “A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert”.

    1. Expert system
    2. Intelligent System
    3. Echo System
    4. Energy System
  13. Another expert system named __________ was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, as a computer configuration assistant.

    1. R1/XCON
    2. MYCIN
    3. Dendral
    4. R3/XCON
  14. An expert system may replace the expert or assist the expert.

    1. True
    2. False
  15. __________ reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a ‘generalization’ from a limited set of observations.

    1. Deductive
    2. Abductive
    3. Inductive
    4. Analogical
  16. In the statement "IF A THEN B", A is called

    1. Antecedent
    2. Consequent
  17. A statement in conjunctive normal form (CNF) consists of _________.

    1. ANDs of Ors.
    2. ANDs
    3. Ors
    4. Ors of ANDs
  18. ________ is the process of deriving logical conclusions from given facts.

    1. Representation
    2. Execution
    3. Reasoning
    4. Planning
  19. A proposition is the statement of a _________.

    1. Equation
    2. Action
    3. Theorem
    4. Fact
  20. Semantic networks are graphs, with nodes representing _________ and arcs representing _________ between objects.

    1. distance, relationships
    2. objects, distance
    3. relationships, distance
    4. objects, relationships
  21. In the worst case of semantic network, we may need to traverse the entire network and then discover that the requested info ________.

    1. Does not exist
    2. Exists
    3. Is incorrect
    4. Is correct
  22. An AI system has a ____________ component that allows the system to get information from its environment.

    1. Planning
    2. Perception
    3. Learning
    4. Execution
  23. An AI system must form a meaningful and useful __________ of the internal information.

    1. Representation
    2. Execution
    3. Learning
    4. Planning
  24. In GA, the random process is repeated until an individual with required _________ level is found.

    1. Higher
    2. Lower
    3. Fitness
    4. Logical
  25. Mutation can be as simple as just flipping a bit at random or any number of bits.

    1. True
    2. False
  26. What is the correct order for solving a problem using GA
    I. Choose the best individuals from the population for crossover
    II. Choose initial population
    III. Evaluate the fitness of each individual

    1. I,II,III
    2. I,III,II
    3. II,I,III
    4. II,III,I
  27. A function by which we can tell which board position is nearer to our goal is called _________.

    1. Alternative function
    2. Recursive function
    3. Best function
    4. Fitness function
  28. In Basic Genetic Algorithm the term mutation refers to a small random ________.

    1. Number
    2. Change
    3. Operator
    4. Operand
  29. Genetic Algorithms is a search method in which multiple search paths are followed in _______.

    1. Series
    2. Parallel
    3. Sequential
    4. None of the given
  30. We can get optimal solution given some parameters using Genetic Algorithm.

    1. True
    2. False
  31. Genetic algorithm uses evolutionary techniques, based on function optimization and artificial intelligence, to develop a solution.

    1. True
    2. False
  32. In Adversarial search there may occur such a scenario where two opponents also called ___________ are searching for a goal.

    1. Adversaries
    2. Friend
    3. Players
    4. Intruders
  33. Best First Search is a greedy approach.

    1. True
    2. False
  34. The foothill problem occurs whenever there are________ peaks.

    1. High
    2. Secondary
    3. Primary
    4. Deep
  35. Which one of the problems is more subtle, and consequently, is more frustrating?

    1. Foothill problem
    2. Plateau
    3. Ridge
    4. Box
  36. The paths founded by Best First search are likely to be _________ than those found with other methods.

    1. Longer
    2. Shorter
    3. Both of the given
    4. None of the given
  37. In Breadth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the _________ priority to be picked.

    1. Zero
    2. Minimum
    3. Maximum
    4. None of the given
  38. Breadth-First Search checks all paths of a given length before moving on to any longer paths.

    1. True
    2. False
  39. Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching factor is _________.

    1. Extremely small
    2. Small
    3. Medium
    4. Large
  40. In Depth First Search the node with the largest value of height will be at the ___________ priority to be picked.

    1. Minimum
    2. Maximum
    3. Zero
    4. Both minimum and maximum
  41. In DFS, node with the largest value of height will be at Priority ________.

    1. Maximum
    2. Minimum
    3. Zero
    4. Least
  42. Procedures that search the solution space in an uninformed manner are usually costly with respect to _________.

    1. Time
    2. Space
    3. Time and space both
    4. All of the given
  43. We use graphs to represent problems and their solution spaces.

    1. True
    2. False
  44. Every graph can be converted into a tree.

    1. True
    2. False
  45. Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in a ___________.

    1. Graph
    2. Table
    3. Demo
    4. None of the above
  46. In Optimal Path searches we try to find the _________ solution.

    1. Least
    2. Best
    3. Last but not the Least
    4. None of the given
  47. Most of the solution spaces for problems can be represented in _______.

    1. Trees
    2. Demos
    3. Graphs
    4. None of the given
  48. By getting grips on _________ that deal with searching techniques in graphs and trees, problem solving can be performed in an efficient manner.

    1. Pseudocode
    2. Algorithms
    3. Charts
    4. Graphs
  49. Some essential components of problem solving are Problem statement, ________, Solution space and Operators.

    1. Complex State
    2. Initial State
    3. Intermediate State
    4. Goal State
  50. ________ is a Classical way of problem solving.

    1. GA
    2. Generate and Test
    3. Reasoning
    4. None of the given
  51. The traveling inside a solution space requires something called as __________.

    1. Problem Statement
    2. Operands
    3. Operators
    4. Solution Space
  52. Hit and trial is a classical approach to solve the ___________ problem easily.

    1. Trivial
    2. Medium
    3. All of the given
    4. None of the given
  53. Which of the following disciplines provides us with the theories of structure and meaning of language?

    1. Linguistic
    2. Philosophy
    3. Biology
    4. Psychology
  54. From discipline of _____________ we have the tools and techniques to investigate the human mind and ways to represent the resulting theories.

    1. Computer Science
    2. Biology
    3. Mathematics
    4. Psychology
  55. From discipline of _____________ we have information about the network structure of a human brain and all the theories on functionalities of different human organs.

    1. Mathematics
    2. Biology
    3. Computer Science
    4. Psychology
  56. ________ AI actually tries to recreate the functions of the inside of the brain as opposed to simply emulating behavior.

    1. Weak
    2. Strong
    3. Weak and Strong
    4. None of the given
  57. ________ AI treats the brain as a black box and just emulates its functionality.

    1. Weak
    2. Strong
    3. Weak and Strong
    4. None of the given
  58. Intelligence is the ability to ____________.

    1. Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
    2. Recognize/Remember
    3. Problem solving
    4. All of the above
  59. Try to catch out own thoughts as they go by is ________.

    1. Introspection
    2. Psychology
    3. Both of given
    4. None of the given
  60. Which of the following things demonstrate Intelligence?

    1. Problem solving
    2. Recognize/Remember
    3. Think/learn/Plan/Schedule
    4. All of the above
  61. Can we precisely define Artificial Intelligence?

    1. Yes we can
    2. No we can not
  62. Intelligence is the characteristic of

    1. Living being
    2. All things
    3. None of them
    4. All of them
  63. Outputs of learning are determined by the ________

    1. Application
    2. Validation
    3. Training
    4. None of the given
  64. Interactive Dichotomizer uses a special function ________, to evaluate the gain information of each attribute.

    1. GAIN
    2. GET
    3. FIND
    4. EVAL
  65. Machine learning typically follows ___________ phases according to Finlay.

    1. Two
    2. Three
    3. Four
    4. Five
  66. Artificial Neural Networks is a new learning paradigm which takes its roots from _________ inspired approach to learning.

    1. Chemistry
    2. Physics
    3. Biology
    4. Mathematics
  67. The brain is a collection of about 100 ________ interconnected neurons.

    1. Million
    2. Billion
    3. Trillion
    4. None of the given
  68. Identify the statement which best defines the fuzzy sets.

    1. Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
    2. Fuzzy sets, like classical sets, restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
    3. Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set A.
    4. Fuzzy sets, unlike classical sets, do not restrict themselves to something lying wholly in either set A or in set not-A.
  69. Identify that for which purpose statment given below is used (deftamplate Person (slot name (type STRING)) (slot age(type NUMBER)) )

    1. Attributes of a fact
    2. Rule
    3. Rule definition
    4. CLIPS
  70. Identify the correct statement to list facts numbers 1 through 10

    1. clips> (facts 1 10)
    2. clips> (facts 1 to 10)
    3. clips> (facts 10)
    4. clips> (facts 1)
  71. Fuzzy logic is actually a superset of conventional boolean logic

    1. True
    2. False
  72. Identify which statement defines classical sets in a best way

    1. A classical set is a container, which wholly includes but not wholly excludes any given element.
    2. A classical set is a container, which does not wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
    3. A classical set is a container, which sometimes wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
    4. A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.
  73. General stages of ESDLC includes.

    1. Spiral model
    2. Linear model
    3. Beta system (tested by users)
    4. Design coding
  74. Identify the correct definition of linear model given below.

    1. A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the software models.
    2. A non sequential sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
    3. A non linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the expert systems.
    4. A linear sequence of steps is applied repeatedly in an iterative fashion to develop the Expert Systems.
  75. Fuzzy logic is a subset of conventional (Boolean) logic.

    1. True
    2. False
  76. Identify the sets in which Membership Function is used.

    1. Crisp set
    2. Classical set
    3. Fuzzy set
    4. None of the given
  77. The goal of knowledge analysis is to analyze and structure the knowledge gained during the planning phase.

    1. True
    2. False
  78. Identify correct statement for the given rule. IF The aptitude level of an undergraduate student is low and The English understanding level of undergraduate student is dull THEN He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies.

    1. (deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
      (defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
      (UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
      => (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”)
    2. (deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
      (defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
      (UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
      => (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
    3. (deftamplate UnderGradStudent (slot attribute)(slot value))
      (defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
      (UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
      <=> (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
    4. (defrule StudentStatus (UnderGradStudent (attribute “aptitude level”)(value “low”))
      (UnderGradStudent (attribute “English understanding level”)(value “dull”))
      => (printout t “He is not eligible to go abroad for higher studies”))
  79. A classical set is a container, which wholly includes or wholly excludes any given element.

    1. True
    2. False
  80. Sequence wise main phases of Linear model used in developing expert systems are given below.

    1. 1)Planning
      2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
      3)System evaluation
      4)Knowledge design
      5)Code
      6)Knowledge verification
    2. 1)Planning
      2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
      3)Knowledge design
      4)System evaluation
      5)Code
      6)Knowledge verification
    3. 1)Planning
      2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
      3)Knowledge design
      4)Code
      5)System evaluation
      6)Knowledge verification
    4. 1)Planning
      2)Knowledge acquisition and analysis
      3)Knowledge design
      4)Code
      5)Knowledge verification
      6)System evaluation
  81. IF IELTS score of Ali is 6 and CGPA of Ali is 3.7 and GRE score of Ali is 66 Then He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad

    1. (deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
      (defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
      (Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
      (Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
      <=
      (printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
    2. (deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
      (defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
      (Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))(Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
      =>
      (printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”)
    3. (deftamplate Ali (slot attribute)(slot value))
      (defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
      (Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
      (Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
      =>
      (printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
    4. (defrule Alichance (Ali (attribute “IELTS score”)(value “6”))
      (Ali (attribute “CGPA”)(value “3.7”))
      (Ali (attribute “GRE”)(value “66”))
      =>
      (printout t “He is eligible to take admission in any of the University abroad”))
  82. Identify the step involved in planning phase.

    1. Knowledge acquisition from expert
    2. Coding
    3. Resource allocation
    4. Identify concrete knowledge elements
  83. Identify the correct step used to start design of an expert system.

    1. Feasiblity study
    2. Problem recognization
    3. Scope study
    4. Rapid prototyping
  84. ____________ learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new knowledge from the old.

    1. Deductive
    2. Inductive
    3. Application
    4. None of the given
  85. Each neuron in the hidden layer is responsible for a different _________.

    1. Line
    2. Layer
    3. Neuron
    4. None of the given
  86. If the true output of a concept [c(xi)] is 1 or 0 for an instance, then the output by our hypothesis [h(xi)] is 1 or 0 as well, respectively.

    1. True
    2. False
  87. Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it is likely to be generally ________.

    1. True
    2. False
    3. Ambiguous
    4. None of the given
  88. Inductive learning takes examples and generalizes rather than starting with __________ knowledge

    1. Existing
    2. Inductive
    3. Deductive
    4. None of the given
  89. Machine learning is a prerequisite for any mature program of artificial intelligence

    1. True
    2. False
  90. The tractable problems are further divided into structured and ____________ problems

    1. Non-structured
    2. Complex
    3. Simple
    4. None of the given
  91. Which one is NOT the advantage of Neural Network

    1. Excellent for pattern recognition
    2. Excellent classifiers
    3. Handles noisy data well
    4. None of the given
  92. ________ is the process of formulating the mapping from a given input to an output using Fuzzy logic.

    1. FIZ
    2. FIS
    3. FOS
    4. None of the given